Ammunition used during WWII:

The performance in the post WWII sub-caliber devices, used in RFAS tanks and artillery guns, is not known.

The original old rounds used a lower power charge of 33g of sw 4/7 powder and achieved only 690m/s at a maximum pressure of 294,3MPa.
Cartridges for the low power NR/NS guns can be identified by their more ogival shape projectiles that don´t have a white band on the projectile and a smaller fuze.
With Czech cartridges, 144 rounds are packed in a wooden box, separated in 3 Zinc containers, the box weights 60kg. With Soviet and Polish cartridges, 132 rounds are packed in a wooden box, separated in 3 Zinc containers. 350 belt links are separately packed in a wooden box weighting 34kg.
Ammunition has been manufactured by Russia, Czechoslovakia and Poland.

The ammunition used in the NR-23 and NS-23:

The newer rounds for the modern automatic guns have an improved powder charge to achieve 720m/s (depending on gun). A white band is painted on the shell to indicate not to mix them up with older rounds. Rounds use thicker walled brass cases with a KV-28 percussion primer and have a propellant charge of 35-38g of improoved 4/7 Tsgr smokeless powder. 
Projectiles can also be idetified by their not so much ogive shape and their larger fuzes.
44 rounds are packaged in an airtight metal can, and three of those cans are packed in a wooden box measuring 400x875x206mm for a total weight of 52kg.
Ammunition is manufactured by the Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, Pakistan, Russia and Yugoslavia.

The ammunition used in the AM-23 and GSh-23:

The following ammunition was used in the VYa:

OZT cartridge, OZT projectile, BZ cartridge with steel windshield cap crimped to the projectile.
The cut away drawing on the right shows a WWII produced BZ shell, m=195,5g, l=106,5mm, propellant: 64,2g of 4/1 FP powder in a silk bag. The aluminum nosepiece is screwed on the body and contains an incendiary mixture. The hard steel core weights 67,5g and is 59,7mm long.

The steel lacquered cases use the KV No.3 percussion primer and use about 70g of 5/7 UFL smokeless powder, and some have a piece of lead wire as a decoppering agent with the charge.
For Navy use, 63 cartridges are separated in three metal boxes and those are packed in a wooden box. This box has the caliber, type of bullet, Lot.-No., number of rounds and type of propellant painted on, which weighs 44kg.
Ammunition is manufactured by Egypt, Iran, Russia and Yugoslavia.
Finland, Netherland, South Africa and Switzerland have developed their own projectile designs, Oerlikon also offers APDS projectiles, Netherland offers their "Break-Up" practice cartridges.

The following ammunition is used in the ZSU AAA guns:

Contrary to Western high performance automatic cannons, that use multiple barrels and an external power source (Gartling type guns), the Rikhter cannon operates only by the power produced from its ammunition. The gun uses a single barrel and a revolving cylinder with four cartridge chambers. These chambers are loaded from the front and underside of the cannon. Cases have no extractor groove and are ejected by the gas pressure as well. The advantage of this front loading system is, that the cannon could be built shorter and the feeding mechanism is  closer to the center of gravity, which makes the gun ideal for turret gun installations.
Sadly, I do not know so far, exactly how cartridges are fed and how the operating cycle of the gun works.
Although the gun has a great performance, it reportedly saw very little use, and also no other guns of this design have been approved for actual service. Current Russian ammunition catalogues do not list this caliber, although other sensitive technical details on ammunition are freely provided, so this caliber may no longer be in Russian service.

The R-23 cannon was used as a tail cannon in the TU-22 high altitude reconnaissance bombers and the first time it was examined was when one of these bombers of the Lybian air force was shot down over the African nation of Chad in 1987 by a French AA battery. Also, India is known to have taken Russian the TU-22 into service and some R23 cartridges were found by the Israely armed forces who discoverd those in an erronous shipement of ZSU-23 AAA cartridges in Lebanon. Although many other calibers of the Rikhter design are known, no other weapons other than the 23mm 261P have yet to be examined by western engineers.
However, one source on the Internet says something about the armament of the TU-91 Naval attack bomber:
"Remotly controlled rear firing cannon DK-15 with R-23 cannon and 200..300 rounds." Sadly, no further details are provided.
Unbelievably, these cartridges have been secret for over 30 years!

The cartridges consist of a galvanized steel tube with a solid and conical base that holds the primer. The projectile is entirely contained in this case and fixed with a heavy crimp. The cartridge case is filled with single base nitrocellulose propellant. The 23mm R-23 cartridge shown below uses a conventional 23mm HEI projectile and an electrical primer-screw. A piece of lead wire is fixed to the base of the projectile with red tape. The designation "R-23" means "Rikhter 23mm" and designates the caliber of the projectile, not the outer diameter of the cartridge case.

A standard HEI projectile as for the 23x115 NS-23 is used, muzzle velocity is 850m/s, the overall length of the R-23 cartridge is 260mm, its overall weight is 51,5g.

Cartridges are fixed and have brass cases, and the propellant is 92g of 5/7 GR powder with a supplement charge of 2g 3/45 P powder. Cartridges are percussion primed with a KV-2 or the Yugoslav M54P1 primer screw. Projectiles have three copper driving bands, with a maximum chamber pressure of 2900kg/cm². The AP-T shell could penetrate 28mm/60°/500m or 26mm/90°/1000m of RHA.
Cartridges are single packaged in cardboard tubes and 50 of those are packed in a wooden box measuring 480x345x265mm, weighting 44kg. Ammunition is manufactured by Russia and Yugoslavia.

The following ammunition was used:

The brass cartridge cases are fitted with a V-016 percussion primer. They use 7 tubed 6/7 GR powder held in place by a cardboard assembly and having a piece of lead wire as decoppering agent. The older UOZR-85 round, taken with only minor changes at the lower driving band from the earlier M1940 AAA gun, uses three copper driving bands, with the last driving band located inside the case. 34 cartridges are packed in a sealed No.10 or No.15 metal box, weighing 31kg, which have various descriptive letters painted on. Later shells have only two driving bands, and the lower is still located inside the case.
Ammunition is manufactured by China, Poland and Russia, Poland manufactured lacquered steel cases as well.

The following ammunition is used: